Anti-nuclear organizations
Anti-nuclear organizations may oppose uranium mining, nuclear power, and/or nuclear weapons.
Types of organizations
Various types of organizations have identified themselves with the anti-nuclear movement:[1]
Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who were elite scientists, including several Nobel Laureates and many nuclear physicists. In the United States, these scientists have belonged primarily to three groups: the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Federation of American Scientists, and the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility.[3]
Activities
Anti-nuclear groups have undertaken public protests and acts of civil disobedience which have included occupations of nuclear plant sites. Other salient strategies have included lobbying, petitioning government authorities, influencing public policy through referendum campaigns and involvement in elections. Anti-nuclear groups have also tried to influence policy implementation through litigation and by participating in licencing proceedings.[4]
International organizations
- European Nuclear Disarmament, which held annual conventions in the 1980s involving thousands of anti-nuclear weapons activists mostly from Western Europe but also from Eastern Europe, the United States, and Australia.[5]
- Friends of the Earth International, a network of environmental organizations in 77 countries.[6]
- Greenpeace International, a non-governmental environmental organization[7] with offices in over 41 countries and headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[8]
- International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
- International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, which had affiliates in 41 nations in 1985, representing 135,000 physicians;[5] IPPNW was awarded the UNESCO Peace Education Prize in 1984 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.[9]
- Nuclear Information and Resource Service
- Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, a global network of over 700 parliamentarians from more than 75 countries working to prevent nuclear proliferation.[10]
- Pax Christi International, a Catholic group which took a "sharply anti-nuclear stand".[5]
- Ploughshares Fund
- Socialist International, the world body of social democratic parties.[11]
- Sōka Gakkai, a peace-orientated Buddhist organisation, which held anti-nuclear exhibitions in Japanese cities during the late 1970s, and gathered 10 million signatures on petitions calling for the abolition of nuclear weapons.[12][11]
- World Disarmament Campaign[11]
- World Information Service on Energy, basedin Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- World Union for Protection of Life
List of other organizations
Most of these groups are listed at "Protest movements against nuclear energy" in Wolfgang Rudig (1990). Anti-nuclear Movements: A World Survey of Opposition to Nuclear Energy, Longman, pp. 381-403.
See also
References
- ^ William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani. Media Coverage and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 95, No. 1, July 1989, p. 7.
- ^ Fox Butterfield. Professional Groups Flocking to Antinuclear Drive, The New York Times, March 27, 1982.
- ^ Jerome Price (1982). The Anti-nuclear Movement, Twayne Publishers, p. 65.
- ^ Herbert P. Kitschelt. Political Opportunity and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1986, p. 67.
- ^ a b c Lawrence S. Wittner (2009). Confronting the Bomb: A Short History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, Stanford University Press, pp. 164-165.
- ^ "About Friends of the Earth International". Friends of the Earth International. http://www.foei.org/en/who-we-are/about. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
- ^ United Nations, Department of Public Information, Non-Governmental Organizations
- ^ Greenpeace International: Greenpeace worldwide
- ^ Profile from Helix Magazine
- ^ Henry Mhara (Oct 17 2011). "Coltart elected anti-nuclear organisation president". News Day. http://www.newsday.co.zw/article/2011-10-17-coltart-elected-antinuclear-organisation-president.
- ^ a b c Lawrence S. Wittner (2009). Confronting the Bomb: A Short History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, Stanford University Press, p. 128.
- ^ Lawrence S. Wittner (2009). Confronting the Bomb: A Short History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, Stanford University Press, p. 125.
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